Is it possible to learn the Belarusian language in Belarusian schools? “Belarusian pronunciation is the most difficult for a Russian How to learn Belarusian in 5 minutes
Anton Somin, a teacher of Belarusian language courses in the Russian capital, told who teaches the Belarusian language in Moscow.
On February 1, free classes started in Moscow for those wishing to learn one of the ten languages of the CIS countries. The project is called "School of Neighbors' Languages". Within its framework, Muscovites will learn Azerbaijani, Armenian, Belarusian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Moldavian, Uzbek, Tajik, Turkmen and Ukrainian languages.
“The first classes went even better than I expected. We read simple Belarusian words and learned to say hello. It is very pleasant that people living in Moscow want to learn the Belarusian language, come to courses, listen, record, try to adopt the Belarusian pronunciation. I must say, this is impressive, ”Anton Somin, a teacher of Belarusian language courses within the framework of the Moscow project“ School of the Language of Neighbors ”, shared with Radio Liberty.
“For the most part, people came who had never used the Belarusian language - in fact, with a zero level. But most of them have Belarusian roots. Which, however, was the reason for the desire to learn the Belarusian language. Someone visited Belarus as a child, once visited their grandfathers. One student mentioned that he was very fond of the magazine "Hedgehog", which was published in the Belarusian language. As an exception, I can mention two students who are linguists, study Slavic languages and, accordingly, know something in Belarusian, ”explains Anton Somin, who is himself a sociolinguist by education and profession.
Anton Somin is expanding the Belarusian language through singing. For example, he sang the Russian song "Old Maple" in Belarusian at the Festival of Languages in Moscow.
Students who came to learn the Belarusian language were mostly not guided by practical goals:
“Someone wants to learn about the culture of Belarus through the Belarusian language. Someone wants to get closer to their roots. Someone wants to learn a language that they once liked. For example, among my students, there is a chief accountant - a woman of about 50 years old who has no connection with Belarus, but wants the Belarusian language not to disappear and makes her contribution to this matter. At the same time, there is a young man who is going to translate poetry from Belarusian into Russian, there are also several linguists. "
Anton Somin notes that his listeners do not have a negative attitude towards the nuances of Belarusian pronunciation - dzekannya and tsekannya, which often reveal a Belarusian, even if he speaks Russian. Moreover, students are not afraid to be "infected" with such a pronunciation:
“Even if they wanted to adopt the Belarusian pronunciation, they would not be able to do it. At least right away. The phonetics of a foreign language is very difficult to learn. But I noted that for the listeners of the courses, the sound of the Belarusian language is something very pleasant, for someone connected with childhood. During recess, the students said to each other that the Belarusian language sounds very soft, very beautiful, and it is a pity that it is not possible to pronounce it the way it should. I cannot speak for all Russians, but for my students the Belarusian language has only positive emotions. "
It is believed that it is more difficult for a Russian to understand the Belarusian language than it is for a Belarusian to understand Ukrainian. A Belarusian will speak Czech or Polish faster than a Russian, because from birth we have experience of using at least two Slavic languages. But despite this, the teacher spoke only Belarusian in the first lessons. The result, as he says, was satisfied.
“During the first day of classes, I immediately switched to Belarusian and explained everything in Belarusian. And it seems that there were no problems with understanding, or almost no. Of course, there were unfamiliar words. And they were asked again. Therefore, it is possible to understand, but a little difficult. "
Soon, the Moscow publishing house "Living Language" will publish a textbook written by Anton Somin for independent study of the Belarusian language - "The Belarusian language. A self-study guide for the Russian-speaking ”.
“This is not the first textbook for Russian speakers. But there are not many of them. My manual is different in that it sets out not only the official language standard, but also the classic version - "tarashkevitsa".
Anton Somino is convinced that there will be demand for the benefit both in Russia and in Belarus:
“My friends asked me to send them manuscripts of the book so that they could start learning Belarusian. After that, we receive feedback from people who did not get to the courses. My feeling is that there will be demand. At least there are those who want to teach. And this number is not limited to the students of my courses. "
The courses will last four months. After their completion, Anton Somin intends to tell the students about the courses "Mova tsі kava", which are held weekly in Moscow coffee houses in the form of discussions and discussions - for those who can already speak Belarusian.
Officials in Minsk talk about the need to know the Belarusian language, but it is not so easy to learn it in the country's schools.
In Minsk, you can spend a whole day and hear the Belarusian language only in transport when announcing stops. The correspondent was figuring out whether young Belarusians have a chance to learn the Belarusian language and whether the school course is enough for this?
Schools - Russian and Belarusian
According to the standards of the Ministry of Education, Belarusian-speaking schools are those that have at least one class taught in Belarusian. As the press secretary of the Ministry of Education Yulia Vysotskaya explained to DW, there are almost half of such schools in Belarus (1419) of the total number of secondary educational institutions (3063) - schools, gymnasiums and lyceums.
The officials of the department will summarize the data as of the beginning of this academic year in mid-September. And last year, according to official statistics, 128,566 people studied in Belarusian-speaking schools, and about a million in Russian-speaking schools. This difference in the number of students is explained by the fact that there are more schools with teaching in the Belarusian language in rural areas, and there are few students in them.
In everyday life, the citizens of the country call Belarusian only those schools where all subjects are taught in Belarusian from the first to the final grade, and where all school staff communicate with children and parents in Belarusian. And only in such schools it is possible to fully master the literary language, believes the linguist Vintsuk Vecherko, pointing out that the vast majority of children study in Russian schools.
In addition to statistics on the country as a whole, this is confirmed by the situation in the capital of two million: in Minsk there are 5 gymnasiums with the Belarusian language of instruction, and 5 more schools have separate Belarusian classes in which all subjects are taught in Belarusian. There are 138 such classes in the city in total. Vysotskaya explained that Belarusian classes are being opened according to the parents' statements: this requires at least 20 people who want to study in Belarusian.
Locales and proportions
The program and methods of teaching the Belarusian language today are practically the same in all types of schools, but students of Russian schools are not given the skills of a living language, pronunciation, thematic vocabulary, notes the linguist Vecherko. As a result, in his words, those who nevertheless master a lively spoken language do it not thanks to school, but to an alternative cultural space - primarily the Internet, rock music and enthusiasts who organize courses, festivals and everything that creates an environment for communication in the Belarusian language.
Today in Belarus there is a unified state standard for textbooks and the number of teaching hours in the subjects studied. So, in the first grade of Russian schools, six hours of Russian language and literature per week, and one in Belarusian. In Belarusian - the opposite. Then the number of hours is leveled. But it doesn't matter, Vecherko believes, because in Russian schools all subjects, except for the Belarusian language and literature, are taught in Russian, Belarusian is just one of the subjects that can really be mastered at the level of a foreign language.
With that difference, adds the director of the Belarusian Humanities Lyceum Vladimir Kolas, learning English or Chinese is promising, because it can be useful in life. And learning Belarusian is unprofitable, unpromising, and sometimes even dangerous because of associations with opposition activities. In addition, in Belarusian schools, Vecherko continues, teachers of physics, mathematics or foreign languages often refuse to teach in Belarusian, because they were not taught this at the university. Physical education and labor education teachers who teach lessons in Belarusian can be counted on one hand.
The queue to the Belarusian school was taken from the night
The proportion of students in Russian and Belarusian, according to Vysotskaya, corresponds to the real linguistic situation in the country: although in the polls most of its citizens indicate as their native Belarusian language, in everyday life they speak Russian. Such an alignment, notes Kolas, is the result of the authorities' support for the historically developed situation: "As if the language policy of the Russian Empire continues, in which Belarus has been colonially dependent for several centuries."
Meanwhile, the competition for the few Minsk gymnasiums with teaching in the Belarusian language is growing from year to year, the parents say. In order to enroll children in the 1st grade of the 23rd gymnasium in Minsk, parents take the queue at night, and last year not everyone could get in, says the chairman of the board of trustees and mother of a 13-year-old student of this gymnasium Kristina Vitushko to DW.
She explains that, first of all, the gymnasium is obliged to accept children according to universal education - a system that has survived from Soviet times, when a certain district of the city is assigned to each school. The building of the gymnasium is old, small, there are only two first grades, and those who are simply higher in the list of applicants have an advantage when enrolling in school.
Why are parents not seeking to open Belarusian classes?
Igor Palinsky, the leader of the rock group Sumarok, the chairman of the Polotsk city branch of the Francysk Skaryna Belarusian Language Society, is sure that there is a demand for teaching in the Belarusian language. “This is confirmed by resonant stories, when parents tried to open Belarusian-speaking classes for almost one child. But the problem is that even among those who want their children to study in Belarusian, there are few initiative people,” Palinsky complains.
Kristina Vitushko looks at the situation differently: opening Belarusian classes is not a solution to the problem. She explains the advantage of Belarusian schools over Belarusian-speaking classes in Russian schools: “It is not the sign on the gymnasium that is important, but the fact that the nurse, physical education teacher, other teachers speak Belarusian, time for extracurricular activities - in a word, so that there is a comfortable language environment. Russian schools do not have it. "
In Belarus, at the moment, in general, there is no natural Belarusian-speaking environment, observers note. In Minsk, you can spend a whole day and hear the Belarusian language only in transport when announcing stops. The DW correspondent figured out whether young Belarusians have a chance to learn the Belarusian language and whether the school course is enough for this?
Schools- Russians and Belarusian
According to the standards of the Ministry of Education, Belarusian-speaking schools are those that have at least one class taught in Belarusian. As the press secretary of the Ministry of Education Yulia Vysotskaya explained to DW, there are almost half of such schools in Belarus (1419) of the total number of secondary educational institutions (3063) - schools, gymnasiums and lyceums.
The officials of the department will summarize the data as of the beginning of this academic year in mid-September. And last year, according to official statistics, 128,566 people studied in Belarusian-speaking schools, and about a million in Russian-speaking schools. This difference in the number of students is explained by the fact that there are more schools with teaching in the Belarusian language in rural areas, and there are few students in them.
In everyday life, the citizens of the country call Belarusian only those schools where all subjects are taught in Belarusian from the first to the final grade, and where all school staff communicate with children and parents in Belarusian. And only in such schools it is possible to fully master the literary language, believes the linguist Vintsuk Vecherko, pointing out that the vast majority of children study in Russian schools.
In addition to statistics on the country as a whole, this is confirmed by the situation in the capital of two million: in Minsk there are 5 gymnasiums with the Belarusian language of instruction, and 5 more schools have separate Belarusian classes in which all subjects are taught in Belarusian. There are 138 such classes in the city in total. Vysotskaya explained that Belarusian classes are being opened according to the parents' statements: this requires at least 20 people who want to study in Belarusian.
Locales and proportions
The program and methods of teaching the Belarusian language today are practically the same in all types of schools, but students of Russian schools are not given the skills of a living language, pronunciation, thematic vocabulary, notes the linguist Vecherko. As a result, in his words, those who nevertheless master a lively spoken language do it not thanks to school, but to an alternative cultural space - primarily the Internet, rock music and enthusiasts who organize courses, festivals and everything that creates an environment for communication in the Belarusian language.
Today in Belarus there is a unified state standard for textbooks and the number of teaching hours in the subjects studied. So, in the first grade of Russian schools, six hours of Russian language and literature per week, and one in Belarusian. In Belarusian - the opposite. Then the number of hours is leveled. But it doesn't matter, Vecherko believes, because in Russian schools all subjects, except for the Belarusian language and literature, are taught in Russian, Belarusian is just one of the subjects that can really be mastered at the level of a foreign language.
With that difference, adds the director of the Belarusian Humanities Lyceum Vladimir Kolas, learning English or Chinese is promising, because it can be useful in life. And learning Belarusian is unprofitable, unpromising, and sometimes even dangerous because of associations with opposition activities. In addition, in Belarusian schools, Vecherko continues, teachers of physics, mathematics or foreign languages often refuse to teach in Belarusian, because they were not taught this at the university. Physical education and labor education teachers who teach lessons in Belarusian can be counted on one hand.
The queue to the Belarusian school was taken from the night
The proportion of students in Russian and Belarusian, according to Vysotskaya, corresponds to the real linguistic situation in the country: although in the polls most of its citizens indicate as their native Belarusian language, in everyday life they speak Russian. Such an alignment, notes Kolas, is the result of the authorities' support for the historically developed situation: "As if the language policy of the Russian Empire continues, in which Belarus has been colonially dependent for several centuries."
Meanwhile, the competition for the few Minsk gymnasiums with teaching in the Belarusian language is growing from year to year, the parents say. In order to enroll children in the 1st grade of the 23rd gymnasium in Minsk, parents take the queue at night, and last year not everyone could get in, says the chairman of the board of trustees and mother of a 13-year-old student of this gymnasium Kristina Vitushko to DW.
Context
She explains that, first of all, the gymnasium is obliged to accept children according to universal education - a system that has survived from Soviet times, when a certain district of the city is assigned to each school. The building of the gymnasium is old, small, there are only two first grades, and those who are simply higher in the list of applicants have an advantage when enrolling in school.
Why are parents not seeking to open Belarusian classes?
Igor Palinsky, the leader of the rock group Sumarok, the chairman of the Polotsk city branch of the Francysk Skaryna Belarusian Language Society, is sure that there is a demand for teaching in the Belarusian language. “This is confirmed by resonant stories, when parents tried to open Belarusian-speaking classes for almost one child. But the problem is that even among those who want their children to study in Belarusian, there are few initiative people,” Palinsky complains.
Kristina Vitushko looks at the situation differently: opening Belarusian classes is not a solution to the problem. She explains the advantage of Belarusian schools over Belarusian-speaking classes in Russian schools: “It is not the sign on the gymnasium that is important, but the fact that the nurse, physical education teacher, other teachers speak Belarusian, time for extracurricular activities - in a word, so that there is a comfortable language environment. Russian schools do not have it. "
See also:
Watch video 02:39
World of Tanks from Belarus at Gamescom in Cologne (26.08.2017)
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From Moscow - to Minsk
The Moscow-Minsk photo series is a long-term project of photographers Sandra Ratkovic and André Fischer. The main task of German photographers is to correctly understand and document the culture in the post-Soviet space.
Photo gallery: Moscow and Minsk through the eyes of German photographers
Time ago
Sandra Ratkowitz and Andre Fischer became interested in Russia and Belarus three years ago: then young photographers were shooting monuments of Soviet architecture in Berlin. “In many places, time seems to have stopped,” Ratkowitz shared her impressions in an interview with DW. Several years later, the photographers decided on a new journey. Architectural monuments of Moscow and Minsk were captured by the camera lens.
Photo gallery: Moscow and Minsk through the eyes of German photographers
Militarism in detail
During the two-week trip, the photographers were most struck by the militarism that penetrated all spheres of life of Russians and Belarusians. The photo shows a souvenir shop in Moscow.
Photo gallery: Moscow and Minsk through the eyes of German photographers
Two weeks in the capital
“Choosing Moscow as the first stage of the trip was the right decision. After visiting the capital, you immediately want to see other Russian cities. In addition, Moscow has important architectural monuments and the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War,” explained Andre Fischer.
Photo gallery: Moscow and Minsk through the eyes of German photographers
Summer walk
Visitors to one of the largest walking areas in the capital - Izmailovsky Park in Moscow.
Photo gallery: Moscow and Minsk through the eyes of German photographers
Floral Weapon
"It was very interesting to observe the military and everyday culture in Moscow and Minsk. In Germany, you rarely see a bride and groom who are photographed against the backdrop of the Eternal Flame," said Sandra Ratkowitz. In the photo - guns in the style of Gzhel and Khokhloma.
Photo gallery: Moscow and Minsk through the eyes of German photographers
Spectacular structures
Photographers describe Moscow as an amazing city: "It attracts with numerous historical sites and impressive architecture: old churches, buildings in the style of socialist realism, the Moscow Metro."
Photo gallery: Moscow and Minsk through the eyes of German photographers
Next stop - Minsk
It was no coincidence that Andre Fischer ended up in the Belarusian capital: “After the language courses at the Linguistic University, I had the opportunity to spend a whole month in Minsk to immerse myself in the local culture and everyday life. Much in this city resembles Moscow, only in a smaller format.”
Photo gallery: Moscow and Minsk through the eyes of German photographers
Tankman's Day
During his stay in Minsk, Andre Fischer got into an unusual show. Tanker's Day is a professional holiday that has been celebrated annually in Belarus since 1946 on the second Sunday of September.
I AM learning Belarusian language. What will compiling a personal dictionary give me?
A personal dictionary is a list of words you want to learn, translated into Belarusian language.
You can create one large list of words for all occasions, or create several lists (dictionaries) by topic, so that you can learn them later.
For example, a list of words that you need when visiting a restaurant (or a bank, or for playing sports, etc.)
It is important that you are able to compose a dictionary only from those phrases and expressions that you need to learn.
You don't waste time and effort learning the words you don't need.
How do I make a list of words (my vocabulary)?
Just enter a word in the left field and in a few seconds you will see its translation into Belarusian language.
Attention! There is an iteration of several meanings until the program selects the most adequate translation of your word.
It can take a few seconds to find the correct translation. Do not be alarmed!
Moreover, if you suddenly do not like this translation, you can enter your own!
After saving the dictionary for each word added to it, a card will appear in which you can enter your comment and even your photo for this word, which will make the learning process more varied and interesting and, at the same time, more productive!
How many dictionaries (lists of words) can you make?
How many you want! It all depends on which one is more convenient for you. learn words- one large dictionary or several small ones dedicated to different topics.
Why compile a dictionary?
You make a list of words with translation into Belarusian language, then on our website to check your knowledge of these words online.
The very process of compiling a dictionary already contributes to its memorization.
And then you pass tests on it on our website.
Tests can be taken both from Russian into the target language, and vice versa.
If you entered the wrong meaning of the translation of a word, then our site will tell you the correct one and even show you a picture. So there is a high probability that the next time you will not forget it.
Thanks to this, the testing process itself becomes quite funny and even reckless, because then the results of statistical processing are still waiting for you.
And it's all completely free!
The Belarusian language (Belarussian Mova) is included in the group of East Slavic languages.
The state language of the Republic of Belarus. It is spoken by about seven million people.
In Belarus, there is also such a phenomenon as "trasyanka". It is a spoken language, which is the existence of various intermediate forms between Belarusian,
Tolstoy and Mayakovsky are translated into MOV, despite the fact that Belarusians can easily read them in the original. Pushkin was translated into Belarusian by Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas, and our contemporaries continue to translate it. What is this: Russophobia or the norm of literary life?
If the level of language proficiency allows reading Hemingway, Baudelaire and Goethe in the original, then the translator is definitely the third extra. When you come to the Louvre, you will not look at the postcards with the Mona Lisa instead of enjoying the original by Leonardo? But the situation is different with the Russian language: although we all understand it and read it in it (for example, this article), translations of Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Gogol into MOV are the sea.
Maybe translators shouldn't waste time on what is understandable without them? Perhaps, in conditions when the Russian-speaking component of the life of a Belarusian is many times outweighed by the Belarusian-speaking, the Russian classics are also in Belarusian - this is, in principle, superfluous?
“Right now, it may not be necessary [to translate Russian literature into Belarusian]: almost everyone can read Russian classics in the original language. And this money can be spent on translations from other languages, - believes the candidate of philological sciences, associate professor Dmitry Gomon. “But in the long term, when Belarusian will be the only language of the state and education, then, of course, it will be necessary to translate: this is a classic, so it will still need to be read”.
About nonsense and mutual enrichment
On this topic: How to legally read Kafka in BelarusianThe arguments in favor of translating school textbooks or technical literature into Belarusian are quite transparent. But with works of art, where not only the content is important, but also the author's style, everything is more complicated. And, nevertheless, Pushkin alone was translated into Belarusian by Yanka Kupala, Yakub Kolas, Maxim Bogdanovich, Pyatro Glebka, Ales Dudar, Ryhor Sinitsa, Arkadz Kulyashoў ... citizens who lovingly look towards the eastern border of the Republic of Belarus.
“Once I was present at an evening where the author read his translations of A. Pushkin's poems into Belarusian. Everybody applauded him, said eulogies. I got up and said that the translations are not bad and I can appreciate it, because, probably, unlike the majority of those present, I speak Russian and can read A. Pushkin in the original, - said Andrei Gerashchenko, journalist of the information portal Rus Young. " - It was taken almost as an insult to the translator. But why - the translation was originally intended so that some work could be read by people who do not know the original language. Why translate works of world literature into Belarusian if there are Russian translations, because all Belarusians speak Russian, and a much smaller number of our fellow citizens speak Belarusian ?! Moreover, why translate Russian texts into Belarusian? "
What some (like Mr. Gerashchenko) explain by Russophobia, others consider it to be completely normal. Doctor of Philology, Chairman of the St. Petersburg Association of Belarusianists Nikolai Nikolaev is sure that it is possible and necessary to translate Russian writers into Belarusian. “Belarusian culture has its own values, although there are also gaps, including in translations of Russian literature. It is necessary that all Russian classics be presented in Belarusian, and Belarusian authors - in Russian. This work should be systematic, then Russian and Belarusian literatures will mutually enrich. "
On this topic: A dozen of Belarusian pearls with history Mutual enrichment is a good word, but it sounds a little hypocritical here. This remark is almost the only call we have found to translate Belarusian authors into Russian lately. And the progress of acquaintance of the Russian reader with the Belarusian literature is noticeable no more than a horseshoe on the paw of a flea from Leskov's "Levsha". Yes, Russian classics.
"Geta in" ektsya va alasnuyu kultury i movu "
Prykhilnіkaў dumkі, INTO translation from Russian language to Belarusian patronage, neshmat is big, chym tykh, hto lichyts geta byazgluzdzіtsai. Andrei Khadanovich - paet, perakladchyk and spreading out of literature
“The parish of racial literature is so patronized to us, as is the parcel of leather and literature. Bo, pa-pershae, geta sign of our samastoyna: we interpret Russian language and Russian culture as blazkuyu, albeit the most neighboring one, as well as іnshya - geta time. Pa-another, vidats, і pa-haloўnae, geta neiki belongings, as it is possible to skarystaztsa. This is something that is for the self-cultivation of a literary vocation, and for the very language and culture - a geta ney krynitsa ўzbagachennya. For such chyns we grind the cold and store new, dadatkovy magchymasts. Mova, culture - yany tym bagatseyshya, which is great in pryntsyp rosy such perkladў.
Geta patrebna not rasіі and geta not danіna pavagі and chagosci іnshaga. Geta ін "ektsya va lasnuyu culture і movu. On shchatsse, I grew up pakalenne aўtaraў-perakladchykў, yakіya valodayutsь peўnymі movamі, pachynayuchi ad exatychnaga sanskritu, іtym moguts arіgеrіchlаtslаtsu. , but the most important thing, the most meaningful, was the most important thing, the most important thing for our culture, but not an ideological one.
"We ourselves will understand ourselves better if we read this translation."
Olga Zueva, Ph.D. in Philology and Chairman of the Council of Young Scientists of the Faculty of Philology of the Belarusian State University, finds several answers to the question "why" at once:
On this topic: "Huevo" in the salad and "hule" on the table. Language surprises for tourists in Spain, Czech Republic and Greece “In a global sense, the question, it seems to me, is speculative, since the answer is obvious:“ Yes ”. The Translator's Charter, adopted in 1963, begins with the following words: “Considering that translation in the modern world has established itself as a permanent, ubiquitous and necessary form of activity; that by making possible spiritual and material exchange between peoples, it enriches the life of peoples and promotes better understanding between people ... ”. Thus, translation from one closely related language to another, even in conditions of huge socio-cultural inequality of these languages (one is world, the second is regional, and under a dropper) is necessary, since it "enriches the life of peoples and promotes better understanding between people."
A Russian person who speaks the Belarusian language will probably understand the Belarusian better if he reads the translation of the Russian classics into Belarusian. We ourselves will understand ourselves better if we read this translation. It's very idealistic and romantic, but in the end, the world is largely based on idealists and romantics.
It was a global meaning. Now local. What is the target audience of "consumers" of the translation being carried out? I throw in a few offhand:
1. A Belarusian patriot - perhaps even an extreme nationalist who tries to read non-Belarusian texts in Belarusian. Especially Russian speakers! Translation is required.
2. Researcher of the poetics of artistic speech - a specialist in the theory of literature. Translation is required.
On this topic: Mova roce. Kur "ezy ўzhivannya 3. Linguist-researcher (including the translator himself). Just give him / her more texts. By the way, translation can open gaps in both languages, unexpected expressive abilities of the Belarusian language, potential of resources, for example, dialect speech. That is, translation enriches the language. Translation is required.
4. The translator himself, of course. Literary translation is a creative act, with all these pains of creativity, insights, self-realization, etc. Translation is required.
In addition, translation contributes to the preservation of information. It is safer if the text is translated into many, many languages - it's like many, many copies of it. But these are already the interests of the language from which they are being translated.
Translation is not needed for those who see behind it only a linguistic exercise. From the series: to translate Dostoevsky into the languages of the small peoples of Siberia, the last speakers of which are 80 years old. Everyone has a different view of the viability and prospects of the Belarusian language and the Belarusian society, hence the spreads.
I appeal to skeptics to the enthusiasm of the Translator's Charter ”.
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