home > Well pumps > There is an implied contrast with the conjunction a. Spelling "NOT" with different parts of speech. Spelling NOT with gerunds

There is an implied contrast with the conjunction a. Spelling "NOT" with different parts of speech. Spelling NOT with gerunds

"Not with different parts of speech" is one of the topics in the Russian language that always causes difficulties. And the point here is not so much the complexity of the topic itself, but the amount of information that needs to be remembered: for a noun, the rules used for a verb are not always suitable, but try determining the combined and separate spelling of a participle by analogy with a verb is generally one of the biggest mistakes!What should you do to be confident in your knowledge and not make mistakes?

Particle and prefix

First you need to clearly delimit the particle Not and prefix Not-. The particle is always written separately, but the prefix is highlighted with the corresponding sign during the morphemic analysis of the word and is its structural part. Based on this, a general rule is built: Not with different parts of speech is written together if the given word is without Not just not used ( hate, bad weather, invincible, unexpected and so on.). Finding such words in a text is not at all difficult, so there are usually no difficulties with them.

Spelling with nouns, adjectives and adverbs

Nouns, adjectives and adverbs ending in -O (cold, fast). Spelling particles Not In this case, it completely coincides with different parts of speech.

So, Not written separately:

If there is a contrast with the union A (not hot, but cold; not a friend, but an enemy; not fresh, but stale).
With words not at all, far away (not at all cautious; not cold at all; far from easy).
With double negative ( It’s not new to anyone; news that's not interesting to anyone).
When negating two signs in a row ( not high and not low).

Continuous writing Not- with different parts of speech is possible in two cases:

If you can find a synonym without Not- (foe - enemy, close - close, a little - little).
If the conjunction is used But in combinations like shallow but fast. Union But is adversative, however, unlike the conjunction A it may not mean opposition, but a comparison of non-mutually exclusive features.

Participle

We continue to study the spelling of particles Not with different parts of speech. The rule regarding the sacrament can easily be called one of the most controversial, because it is with it that the greatest difficulties usually arise. But let's try to figure it out.

Together Not- It is written with the participle in such cases:

If there is no dependent word ( wet grass; unfinished task).
If there is no opposition ( unread book; unpublished manuscript).
With adverbs of measure and degree very, extremely, absolutely, almost, completely, extremely, completely, quite (extremely rash decision; almost undisturbed order).
If the participle is formed from a verb with the prefix under- (misunderstood, unwashed).

With separate writing Not It's also easy to figure out:

If there is a dependent word ( an essay not written (how?) on time; student who didn’t come (when?) today).
If there is a contrast ( not a fictional story, but a real one).
If the participle has a short form ( the story is not made up, the book has not been read).

Only separately!

There are several situations in which only separate writing is possible Not with different parts of speech. Some of them are original rules and are memorized by children in elementary school, while others are practically never encountered.

With words that are written with a hyphen ( not friendly, not south-eastern).
With adjectives in the comparative degree ( no better, no worse).
With relative, possessive adjectives, as well as adjectives of taste and color ( not winter; not my mother's; not black).
With numerals ( not one, not the second).
With verbs ( didn't go, couldn't).
With participles ( without being able to, without thinking).
With function words: prepositions and particles ( not only, not with him, not because of him).

In addition to the fourth point: it is very important not to confuse the participle and the adjective, because in the case of a short adjective, the spelling Not will obey different rules. Compare: the girl is talented and educated And group formed. In the first case, the fact that the word educated is an adjective, indicates a nearby word of the same part of speech, and besides, the meaning is clear that this is not a gerund (the girl was not educated, but she is smart). In the second situation, it is clear that someone created the group, formed it, i.e. it educated. Consequently, different spellings are due Not different parts of speech, which include homonymous words.

Pronouns

Talking about spelling Not with different parts of speech, let’s focus on personal and negative pronouns. In the case of them, everything is very simple: if there is a preposition, it is written separately ( no one with), if it is not there - together ( once).

Under- And not up to

One of the most difficult points of this rule is the spelling of verbs with the prefix under- and verbs with a particle Not and prefix before-. This means words like malnourished And don't finish eating, which at first glance are absolutely identical, but from a grammatical point of view should be written differently.

Console under- denotes a completed action, the result of which does not correspond to the norm (some linguists say that any word with this prefix means something bad): undernourish (eat little), underestimate (not value highly enough), understate (hide the truth).

In turn, the particle and prefix characterize the interrupted action: do not finish eating (do not have time to finish the meal), do not finish speaking (do not finish the speech), do not swim (do not finish the swim).

At first glance, everything is not so complicated, but sometimes situations arise when choosing between two options is not easy.

Not against neither

Another controversial topic is "Spelling Not And neither with different parts of speech." Fortunately, there are not many nuances here, so it won’t be difficult to understand the rules.

Particle Not used for:

Expressions of negation ( I don't understand, not mine).
Under stress in pronouns ( no one, no time).

Then as a particle neither:

Strengthens denial ( there was no light or house visible)
Used without stress in pronouns ( no one, never)
Used in complex sentences to strengthen a statement ( wherever we went, we were greeted joyfully).

In principle, everything is not so difficult, some tasks of this kind are performed exclusively at the level of intuition, but still, knowledge of the theory can significantly facilitate the task.

We repeat

In order to consolidate the rule, it is better to repeat all the material. It is important to understand what combinations are formed with Not different parts of speech. The table will help you remember all the most important things.

		Apart
Nouns, adjectives, adverbs in -O	1. Synonym without Not- 2. Not used without Not-	1. Contrast with union A 2. Not at all, not at all, far from it 3. Double negative
Participles	1. Without a dependent word	1. With adverbs of measure and degree 2. With a dependent word
Other parts of speech		1. With words that are written with a hyphen 2. With verbs and gerunds 3. With short participles 4. With possessive, relative adjectives, color adjectives 5. With numerals 6. With function words

Conclusion

In principle, this is where we can end the conversation about spelling Not with different parts of speech. This rule includes many subparagraphs, each of which is divided into several others - you really have to remember a lot. But, on the other hand, here and there there are overlapping points, thanks to which, of course, it will be much easier to understand. The main thing is desire, patience and practice, and the rest will come on its own.

Remember the simple rules for spelling “not” with adjectives? It is written together when the word is not used without it (“nondescript”, “inevitable”) and when it can be replaced with a synonym (“small” - “small”, “ugly” - “ugly”). And when there is a contrast with “a” (“not simple, but complex”), “not” should be written separately with the adjective.

Remember? Well, I’ll make you happy: in fact, these are not all the rules - only the basic ones, and the rest, as you will see, are not so simple.

Let's see what difficulties are encountered when writing “not” with adjectives.

Difficulty No. 1. “Underground” opposition

It happens that “not” is attached to an adjective in such a way that there is no opposition with “a”, but mentally you want to add it. For example: “not many people can decide to do this.” Why is “not” written separately here? Because the implication is that "not many, but only some people can decide to do this.” In such a situation, separate writing would be correct.

Difficulty No. 2. Opposition, but not that

Sometimes, remembering that in the presence of opposition “not” should be written separately with the word, we forget about the type of opposition. This should be a contrast with the conjunction “a”: “not blind, but sighted.” But when contrasted with “but”, when there is no negation of the sign, “not” will be written together: “the dog is kind, but very respectable.”

Difficulty No. 3. Short adjectives

In most cases, the same rules apply to short adjectives as to long adjectives. However, there are also some peculiarities. Thus, “not” will always be written separately with those short adjectives that do not have a full form: “should not, does not intend, is not glad.” The same applies to short adjectives, which in their full form take on a different meaning: “not ready, not inclined.”

In the combinations “does not agree, is wrong, is not needed, is not capable”, separate writing predominates, although they can also be written together - it all depends on the context. If it is necessary to emphasize a negative attribute here, there is no need to separate “not” from the word.

Difficulty No. 4. Comparative degree of adjectives

In this case, first of all, you need to look at the meaning of the word. You can say: “today you are more restless than yesterday” (i.e. “more restless”) and “today you are no calmer than yesterday” (i.e. “the same calm, no more”). True, sometimes only the author can understand the nuances of meaning...

Difficulty No. 5. Verbal adjectives ending with “-my”

The main problem here is this: both adjectives and participles can end with “-my”, and they must be distinguished, since when written with “not” these parts of speech are subject to different rules. An adjective with “not” will coexist together even if there is an explanatory word (“substances insoluble in liquid”), and the participle in this case will have to be separated from this particle (“the house we do not visit”).

However, we must remember that “not” with similar adjectives can be written separately: if the negation is reinforced by a nearby particle “nor” or combinations “far from, not at all, not at all”, etc. (“incomparable impression ").

Of course, if these adjectives are not used without “not,” there is no need to forcibly cut off this part from them.

The morphology course is studied throughout the school curriculum. Sometimes it is not possible to remember all the details. In this article we will remember how to write “not” with nouns. Let's look at examples and rules in detail.

Features of the particle

Without this important service part of speech, it would be difficult for us to refuse someone or give a negative connotation to a word. Since childhood, parents explain the rules of behavior to their child using “don’t”: don’t touch, don’t run, don’t do. With its help, you can express not only denial. If used in interrogative sentences with exclamatory intonation, then it may well express a statement. For example: “Who hasn’t been to Moscow?!”

In addition, this particle helps to express the completeness of the action: “I can’t stop looking at you!”

Often in colloquial speech we use it to express a shade of indifference: “Don’t worry, it won’t make it any easier.”

This can give an affirmative intonation. For example: “Are you still asking whether it is necessary to complete this task?! How not necessary, of course, it is necessary!”

“Not” with nouns together: examples

In some cases, this particle can “turn” into a prefix. In this case, it will be written together with the word with which it is used. Let's look at cases where this happens.

If a word with “not” can be replaced with something close in meaning, then consider an example: “We immediately realized that the boy was telling a lie.” In this case, the word should be written together with “not”. This is explained by the fact that a synonym can be found for it: untruth is a lie.

This rule applies not only to “not” with nouns. Examples of adjectives and adverbs prove that they are written with this particle according to the same principle: ugly - ugly, slow - slow.

In the case where a word does not exist without “not,” we must also write it together. We all know and understand the word "slob". Let's try to remove the prefix from it and we won't understand the meaning at all. This is explained by the fact that some historical changes in the language have left their mark on it. Previously, there was such a word: “ryakha”. It meant a neatly dressed person. However, over time, this form disappeared, but its antonym remained. It is for this reason that we will write the word “slob” together.

“Not” with nouns separately: examples

In order to determine how to correctly write a word with a given particle, it is necessary not only to know the rule, but also to delve into the meaning of the context. Only then is it possible to distinguish when “not” is used with nouns together and when separately. We give examples of words below.

Let's consider the cases of writing this particle separately:

There is a contrast in the sentence, which is usually emphasized by the conjunction “a”: “Not happiness, but misfortune happened to him.” As can be seen from this sentence, the word “happiness” is opposed to the word “trouble”. This is achieved through the adversative conjunction “a”. Between themselves, these words are antonyms, which is a prerequisite for writing “not” separately. Do not confuse contrast with ordinary description. Example: “The bad weather was raging outside, but in the evening everything calmed down.” The opposing conjunction “a” in this case does not give us the right to write the word “bad weather” separately. There is no antonym for the word “weather” in the sentence; only a description of the day is given here.
Difficulties arise in cases where there is no obvious opposition, but only an implied one. In this case, we will not be able to write “not” with nouns together. Examples: “Unfortunately, I’m not a doctor, so I’m unlikely to help you.”

As we can see, there is no conjunction indicating opposition in the sentence. However, we understand that there is a clear denial here: the person is not a doctor. We can mentally supplement this sentence, then it will become clear that the word is written separately: “I am not a doctor (but a fireman, engineer, teacher), so I’m unlikely to help you.”

Thus, we conclude that the opposition may not be explicit, but only implied.

Exercises

In order to practice writing “not” with nouns, you can complete tasks on this topic.

Open the brackets: cunning (not) friend; tell (un)tales; meet a (non)knowledgeable person; to tell (not) the truth, but a lie; today is (not) Saturday.
Make up phrases with words so that each of the words is written both together and separately with the particle “not”: weather, happiness, buddy.
Write down only those words that are not used without the particle “not”: (ill) literacy, (l)negligence, (l)trust, (l)luck, (l)health, (l)freedom, (l)hatred.

Bottom line

In this article we looked at all cases of spelling “not” with nouns. The examples given in it will help you better understand and remember this rule. The main thing to pay attention to is the context within which the word is used. Only in this case will it be easy for you to figure out when a noun with a negative particle “not” is used together and when separately.

Particle and prefix

Spelling with nouns, adjectives and adverbs

Nouns, adjectives and adverbs ending in -O (cold, fast). Spelling particles Not In this case, it completely coincides with different parts of speech.

So, Not written separately:

If there is a contrast with the union A (not hot, but cold; not a friend, but an enemy; not fresh, but stale).
With words not at all, far away (not at all cautious; not cold at all; far from easy).
With double negative ( It’s not new to anyone; news that's not interesting to anyone).
When negating two signs in a row ( not high and not low).

Continuous writing Not- with different parts of speech is possible in two cases:

If you can find a synonym without Not- (foe - enemy, close - close, a little - little).
If the conjunction is used But in combinations like shallow but fast. Union But is adversative, however, unlike the conjunction A it may not mean opposition, but a comparison of non-mutually exclusive features.

Participle

Together Not- It is written with the participle in such cases:

If there is no dependent word ( wet grass; unfinished task).
If there is no opposition ( unread book; unpublished manuscript).
With adverbs of measure and degree very, extremely, absolutely, almost, completely, extremely, completely, quite (extremely rash decision; almost undisturbed order).
If the participle is formed from a verb with the prefix under- (misunderstood, unwashed).

With separate writing Not It's also easy to figure out:

If there is a dependent word ( an essay not written (how?) on time; student who didn’t come (when?) today).
If there is a contrast ( not a fictional story, but a real one).
If the participle has a short form ( the story is not made up, the book has not been read).

Only separately!

With words that are written with a hyphen ( not friendly, not south-eastern).
With adjectives in the comparative degree ( no better, no worse).
With relative, possessive adjectives, as well as adjectives of taste and color ( not winter; not my mother's; not black).
With numerals ( not one, not the second).
With verbs ( didn't go, couldn't).
With participles ( without being able to, without thinking).
With function words: prepositions and particles ( not only, not with him, not because of him).

Pronouns

Under- And not up to

At first glance, everything is not so complicated, but sometimes situations arise when choosing between two options is not easy.

Not against neither

Another controversial topic is "Spelling Not And neither with different parts of speech." Fortunately, there are not many nuances here, so it won’t be difficult to understand the rules.

Particle Not used for:

Expressions of negation ( I don't understand, not mine).
Under stress in pronouns ( no one, no time).

Then as a particle neither:

Strengthens denial ( there was no light or house visible)
Used without stress in pronouns ( no one, never)
Used in complex sentences to strengthen a statement ( wherever we went, we were greeted joyfully).

In principle, everything is not so difficult, some tasks of this kind are performed exclusively at the level of intuition, but still, knowledge of the theory can significantly facilitate the task.

We repeat

		Apart
Nouns, adjectives, adverbs in -O	1. Synonym without Not- 2. Not used without Not-	1. Contrast with union A 2. Not at all, not at all, far from it 3. Double negative
Participles	1. Without a dependent word	1. With adverbs of measure and degree 2. With a dependent word
Other parts of speech		1. With words that are written with a hyphen 2. With verbs and gerunds 3. With short participles 4. With possessive, relative adjectives, color adjectives 5. With numerals 6. With function words

Conclusion

Verified answers contain information that is trustworthy. On “Knowledge” you will find millions of solutions marked by the users themselves as the best, but only checking the answer by our experts guarantees its correctness.

NOT with nouns
NOT written with nouns seamlessly:
- if the word with NOT NOT: nep true(false is a synonym without NOT);
- if the word is without NOT not used: n en avis, n en Astier, n fuck carefulness(without NOT not used).
NOT with nouns it is written separately if there is a contrast: Not snow and rain.

NOT with adjectives
NOT written together with adjectives:
- if the word is with NOT NOT: n ex nice(bad); (pond) n eg splint(chalk);
- if the word is without NOT not used: n ev pupillary, n er flamboyant, n fuck cutting.
NOT with adjectives it is written separately if there is a contrast: Not warm and cool;(she) Not strong and weak.

NOT with numerals
NOT with numerals it is always written separately: Not ten; Not one hundred, but two hundred; Not seven thousandth; Not nine tenths; Not one and a half tons, or two.

NOT with verbs
NOT written separately with verbs: Not fly away, no I'll go, no play, not promise.
NOT written together only with those verbs that are without NOT not used: n eg please, n units help.

NOT with participles
NOT written together with participles:
- if the word is without NOT not used: n eg blowing, n en seeing;
- if the participle does not have dependent words: n ev learned poem(no dependent word and opposition).
NOT with participles it is written separately:
- if the participle has dependent words: Not a poem learned yesterday;
- if there are oppositions: Not sleeping and awake baby;
- if the participle is short: beds are not watered(short parable).

NOT with gerunds
NOT with gerunds it is written separately: Not talking, not after feeding, not smiling.
NOT written together only with those gerunds that are without NOT not used: n eg Oduya, n en avidya.

NOT with adverbs ending in -O (-E)
NOT written together with adverbs:
- if the word is with NOT can be replaced with a synonym without NOT: n ev It's nice(sad);
- if the word is without NOT not used: n er sarcastically
NOT with adverbs is written separately:
- if there is opposition: Not high and low;
- if in adverb with NOT there are words at all, far, never, not at all, not at all: not at all Cold;
- if the adverb does not end in -o/-e: the sun doesn't shine like spring.

NOT with indefinite pronouns
With indefinite pronouns the prefix is always stressed Not- is written together: n ek tone ech tone ek y, n ek which(unspecified location).

Quite a lot of attention is paid to spelling particles outside of school, but when it comes time to take the Unified State Exam, many are faced with the question of systematizing these rules. Often, due to the breadth and scattered nature of the rules in the textbook, schoolchildren are unable to systematize their knowledge. So, what writing rules do not exist in modern Russian?

The general rules for writing particles are not

In the Russian language there is no single rule for writing the particle no, but we can identify the basic rules according to which they are not always used separately:

with gerunds and verbs: did not walk, slowly;
with numerals: not third, not seventh;
with pronouns (except negative and indefinite): not everyone, not mine;
with function words (except for the prepositions “despite”, “despite”): not only;
with words used with a hyphen: not humanly;
with the comparative degree of adverbs and adjectives (except for cases where the prefix was not in the initial form): not closer, not smarter;
with relative adjectives and with the meaning of color: not stone, not blue;
with adverbs that do not have a comparative degree: not out of spite, not to the left;
with adverbs ending in –о(-е): not immediately, not always.

Some nouns, qualitative adjectives and adverbs starting with -о(-е) are usually written with not always separately, when you can choose a synonym without not. You need to know whether this word can generally be written with not together: not true (not a lie), low (not low), immediately (not soon).

It is always written together not as part of the prefix under- (with the meaning “below the norm”): shortfall, under-received, underfulfilled.

Not with adverbs ending in -o(-e), adjectives and nouns

In high school, it is customary to group the rules for writing non-nouns with qualitative adjectives and adverbs ending in –о(-е) due to the generality of the rules themselves. So, the particle is not written separately:

in opposition: not good, but evil; not black, but white; not loudly, but quietly;
with the words “far”, “little”, “not at all”, “at all”: not a lie at all, far from smart, useless to anyone, almost stupid;
when negating without affirming the opposite: it is neither far nor close;
with emphasized negation in exclamatory and interrogative sentences: isn’t this clear?;
with the following adverbs and short adjectives as the predicate: don’t, shouldn’t, don’t need, don’t mind, don’t feel sorry for, not ready, don’t need, don’t have to, not willing, not inclined, not capable, not glad, not suitable, not must, does not intend.

The particle is not written together with adverbs ending in –о(-е), adjectives and nouns:

when the word without is not used: absurd, frantic, inevitable;
with the conjunction but, expressing a combination of different concepts: sad, but interesting;
after the words “almost”, “very”, “very”, “extremely”, “completely”: He said that the store is very close, but this is completely untrue;
if the word can be replaced with a synonym without non-: not stupid (smart), unnecessary (superfluous), not far (close).

The rules for writing not with adverbs as a predicate (as well as with short adjectives in this role) usually come down to separate writing. If such a predicate can be replaced with a word without not, then the writing will be continuous: no voices can be heard / he approached silently (silently).

Not with participles

With participles, the particle is not written separately in the following cases:

when contrasted: not read, but viewed;
with dependent words: a book I haven’t read;
with an emphatic denial: no, this is not a published book;
in short: the book has not been written.

The particle is not written together with participles in the following cases:

when the word without is not used: hater;
after the words “almost”, “very”, “very”, “completely”: a completely ill-considered move;
there are no specified reasons for writing not with the participle separately: an unwritten book; an unread but leafed through book.

Not with verbal adjectives

There is more than one rule for writing non-verbal adjectives:

Full verbal adjectives with -n- are not written together unless there is a contrast with a (or underlined negation), but in short form (as participles) they are always written separately: an unwritten law, no laws are written for it.
Verbal adjectives with –nn-, naming a sign of quality, are written with not together with dependent words and in a short form: an extremely ill-mannered girl; daughter is ill-mannered.
Verbal adjectives in -my, formed from intransitive or perfective verbs, are not used without: inaccessible to us, its logic is infallible. But this type of verbal adjectives can be written separately with not after words with the particle neither: incomparable with nothing.
Verbal adjectives in -my, formed from transitive verbs of the imperfect form, when emphasizing the meaning of the attribute by action, can be written separately and separately: unloved object, elves are invisible, not visible to the eye, not loved by you.

Particles are not and neither can be written with different parts of speech separately and together, and this fact can often raise questions: when is it combined and when is it separate? The question may also arise: when to write not, and when not? We will answer all these questions in detail below.

Not written together:

In the words that without Not not used:
necessity, impossible, fury, hate.
In nouns, adjectives or adverbs -O, which form a word with a new meaning. This word can be replaced with a synonym without Not :
bad - bad, untruth - lie, quiet - quiet.
In full participles used without dependent words:
an unread newspaper is a newspaper that has not been fully read.
In indefinite and negative pronouns that are used without prepositions:
few, no one, nothing, no one.
In negative adverbs:
no way, nowhere, nowhere, no time.
In the console under-:
not getting enough, not getting enough sleep, not eating enough (meaning “getting less of something than is necessary”).
In adjectives and adverbs -O , which are associated with adversative conjunctions:
The song sounded quiet, although very expressive. The suit was inexpensive, but very stylish.

Not written separately:

With nouns, adjectives and adverbs ending in -o that have an opposition:
not beautiful, but ugly; not loudly, but quietly; not happiness, but sorrow.
With verbs, gerunds, short participles, numerals, particles, conjunctions, some adverbs and prepositions:
not only, not read, not heard, not looking (BUT despite..., despite...), almost...
With full participles having dependent words, interrupted by other words, and also having opposition:
a book not fully read; a book not fully read; not a read book, but a watched one.
With negative pronouns with prepositions and other pronouns:
not from anyone, not on anything, not anyone.
With participles, adjectives and adverbs that have pronouns or adverbs that reinforce the negative meaning of the phrase:
an unsupported manifesto; Not an interesting movie at all; not easy at all.
With adjectives in the short form, which are either not used in the full form or have a different meaning:
I shouldn’t, I’m not happy, I’m not ready.
With adjectives in short form that have opposition:
The dress was not small, but large.
With predicate adverbs in impersonal sentences:
It’s not time, it’s not a pity, it’s not necessary.
With words that are written with a hyphen:
not an internationalist warrior, not our way, not blue and yellow.

How is NI written in Russian?

Particle neither attaches the importance of intensification in negative pronouns and negative adverbs without prepositions:

no way, no one, nowhere, nothing, nowhere, etc.

In all other cases the particle neither is written separately in Russian.

§ 88. Not written together:

1. In all cases when a word is not used without a negative particle, for example: ignorant, inevitable, unfortunate, indignant, unwell, unwell, lacking(meaning “not enough”), impossible, impossible, really, unbearable, unshakable, unharmed.

2. With nouns, if the negation gives the word a new, opposite meaning, for example: enemy, misfortune, if the negation gives a word that does not have this particle the meaning of opposition, negation, for example: non-specialist, non-Marxist, non-Russian, For example: disagreements between Marxists and non-Marxists; all non-specialists liked the report; a non-Russian will look without love at this pale, bloody, whip-scarred muse(Nekrasov).

3. With full and short adjectives and with adverbs ending in -o (-e), unless combining them with does not serve to deny any concept, but to express a new, opposite concept, for example: unhealthy appearance (i.e. sickly ), impossible character(i.e. heavy), the sea is restless (i.e. agitated), the matter is unclean (i.e. suspicious), come immediately(i.e. immediately, immediately), acted badly(i.e. bad).

4. With full participles, for which there are no explanatory words, for example: unfinished (work), unblown(flower), stainless (steel), unloved (child), unconcealed (anger), uncompressed (strip) (in such cases the participle is close to the adjective); But: work not completed on time, a flower not blooming due to the cold, a child not loved by the mother, students who have not yet been examined(in such cases the participle is close in meaning to the verb).

Note. With explanatory words denoting the degree of quality, not with the participle is written together (in these cases, the participles with are not close to the adjective), for example: extremely rash decision, completely inappropriate example, But: a completely inappropriate example(not written separately due to the presence of an explanatory word to the rule).

5. In pronouns, when not is separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: someone, something, no one, nothing(But: no one, no need, no one, no reason, no reason).

In pronominal adverbs, for example: no time, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere.

6. In adverbs there is no need (in the meaning of “aimlessly”, for example: there is no need to go there), reluctantly; in prepositional combinations despite, despite; in the interrogative particle really.

Writing adverbs and adverbial combinations that include a negation, a preposition and a noun or adjective (for example, unknowingly, inadvertently, by chance, beyond the power), determined by the rules laid down in § 83, paragraphs 5 and 6.

7. In the verb prefix nedo-, denoting non-compliance with the required norm, for example: nedo fulfill (perform below the required norm), nedo look (not enough, look bad, miss something), nedos sleep (sleep less than normal).

Note. From verbs with the prefix it is not necessary to distinguish verbs with the prefix do-, which have the negation not in front of them and denote an action that has not been completed, for example: not to read a book, not to drink tea, not to watch a play.

§ 89. Not written separately:

1. With verbs, including participial forms, for example: she doesn't drink, doesn't eat, doesn't speak; cannot help but see; without looking, without looking, without haste.

About continuous writing despite, despite and verbs with the prefix are missing - see § 88, paragraphs 6 and 7.

Note. Commonly used verb forms numb, numb, numb are written together.

2. In participles: a) in a short form, for example: the debt is not paid, the house is not completed, the coat is not sewn b) in full form, when the participle contains explanatory words (see § 88, paragraph 4), and also when the participle contains or implies opposition, for example: he did not bring the finished work, but only individual sketches.

3. With nouns, adjectives and adverbs, if there is or is implied opposition, for example: It was not luck that led us to success, but endurance and composure; It’s not death that’s scary, it’s your disfavor that’s scary.(Pushkin); the morning came not clear, but foggy; the train is neither fast nor slow(implied: “at some average speed”); not tomorrow (there cannot but be a contrast here).

Note. You should pay attention to some cases of separate writing of the particle not. The particle is not written separately: a) if with an adjective, participle or adverb there is a pronoun starting with neither as an explanatory word, for example: no one (for anyone, etc.) needs a thing, never encountered error, not to anyone it is profitable to undertake this; b) if it is not part of intensifying negations far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, etc., preceding a noun, adjective or adverb, for example: he is not our friend at all, far from the only wish not at all fair decision, not at all the best solution, far from sufficient.

4. With pronouns and pronominal adverbs, for example: not me, not this, not another, not like that, not otherwise, not like that. For cases of continuous writing not with pronouns and pronominal adverbs, see § 88, paragraph 5.

Note. The philosophical term not-self is written with a hyphen.

5. With intensifying adverbs, as well as with prepositions and conjunctions, for example: not very, not quite, not quite, not from..., not under..., not that... not that.

The expression is written separately more than once, for example: More than once he accused himself of being overly cautious.(Fadeev).

6. For unchangeable words that are not formed from adjectives and act as a predicate in a sentence, for example: don't mind, don't mind, don't be sorry.

7. For all words written with a hyphen, for example: all non-commercial and industrial enterprises; it is not said in Russian; They don’t sing in the old way.

§ 90. Neither is written together:

1. In pronouns, if the particle is not separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no, no one's, no one's, no one's, But: no one, no one and so on.

2. In adverbs never, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, no way, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all and in a particle somewhere.

§ 91. In all other cases, the particle is not written separately.

For the use of particles, see § 48.

Note. It is necessary to distinguish between revolutions none other than..., none other than... from revolutions no one else...; nothing else is..., for example: it was none other than your brother but: no one else could say this; It was nothing more than a fire; but: nothing else could scare me.

This topic, whether we have studied it or not, leaves many doubts. Let's try to dispel them.

Firstly, you should remember that NOT Always written separately With:

Verbs: don't sleep, don't know;

Participles: without knowing, without thinking;

Short participles : the book is not read, the room is not cleaned;

Comparative adjectives: my car is no bigger than yours;

Numerals: not fifteen, not twenty;

Prepositions: too tough;

Unions: not because;

With words glad, must, obliged, agree, intend:I do not intend to put up with you;

Nouns, if there is opposition: watermelon is not a fruit A berry;

Adjectives (full and short), if there is opposition: he is not smart, but stupid; the picture is not beautiful, A terrible;

Adverbs starting with -o, if there is opposition: not bright A dim;

Full participles, if there is opposition or dependent words:unread A leafed through book, not put away daughter room.

Secondly, you should pay attention to the signal words of the merged and separate writing is NOT.

1.NOT written together with words very, too, extremely, absolutely, very: too awkward, very bad.

NOT written separately with words not at all, far and all words with the initial “neither” (in no way, not at all, not at all, for no one...): This is not at all true.

2. Words "at all" and "at all" can be used in the meaning of “very”: a book that is not at all stupid is a very intelligent book, and in the meaning of “not at all”: a book that is not at all stupid is not a stupid book at all. In these cases, one must proceed from the context.

3. Particular attention should be paid to trap words. With the adversative conjunction "a" - everything is clear. We see “a” and write “not” separately. And what unions of it can introduce opposition? - First of all, the conjunction “but”. For example: the book is not old, but the oldest (you can substitute the conjunction “a” instead of “but”). Sometimes this union has the meaning of the union “and”, combining several characteristics of an object that do not contradict each other. In this case, “not” is written together, since there is no opposition. For example: the dress is unfashionable, but beautiful(you can substitute the conjunction “and” instead of “but”) .

4. In combinations despite And regardless of NOT written together if there are

can be replaced with the word contrary to: despite the errors (despite the mistakes) despite the bad weather (despite the weather).

If they can be replaced with the word “looking”, it will NOT be written separately:

without looking at anyone (without looking at anyone).

5. Difficulties arise with the prefix UNDO Everything here is extremely logical.

The prefix NEDO means insufficiency of something and is written together: not getting enough vitamins, not adding enough salt to the soup. The particle does NOT mean, as always, negation: he didn’t finish his lunch (couldn’t), I didn’t get through to her (couldn’t).

That's probably all the horror. It's not all that scary, isn't it?

And now a little task to test yourself:

Put 1 - where it is NOT written together and 2 - where it is written separately. Send your answers in the comments to this article. If there are any mistakes, we will definitely discuss them.

He, 1. (not) allowing himself even the smallest 2. (not, to) bother, suddenly fell seriously and dangerously ill. 3. (In)sincere words are like tangled hair, unraveling them is 4. (un)possible. I have become 5. (not) big, but huge - try to compete with me! Too 6. (un)suitable terrain. A very 7. (un)cautious act. 8. People (un)known to anyone. With no one 9. (not) friendly person. Her hands were shaking, she didn’t have 10. (not) enough courage.

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